Introduction
One of the most iconic and recognizable traits of the pine processionary moth is the caterpillars’ procession behavior. This article delves into why Thaumetopea pityocampa larvae move in lines, how this benefits them, and what risks it poses to humans, animals, and the environment.
1. What Is Procession Behavior?
- As the larvae mature, they leave their nests in long, head-to-tail processions.
- This usually occurs in late winter or early spring when they seek pupation sites in the soil.
2. Biological Purpose
- The procession allows coordinated movement toward a suitable pupation site.
- Pheromones and tactile cues from the leader help maintain the line.
- Group movement enhances survival and navigation.
3. Ecological and Safety Concerns
- Processions often cross sidewalks, gardens, and trails, bringing caterpillars into contact with people and pets.
- The urticating hairs are easily dislodged during movement, contaminating surfaces and air.
4. Public Safety Implications
- Increased visibility during processions raises the risk of accidental contact.
- Parks and schools near infested areas must take extra precautions during peak migration periods.
5. Management Tips
- Use signage to warn of active processions during late winter.
- Regularly monitor for and remove nests to limit larval numbers.
- Avoid disturbing the line; sweeping or vacuuming is safer than breaking it by hand.
Conclusion
The procession is a critical stage in the life cycle of Thaumetopea pityocampa but also the most hazardous for human and animal interaction. Understanding and anticipating this behavior improves public safety and pest control.
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